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How to Recognize Early Signs of Substance Dependence

It can be tempting to view addiction as a clear choice or a straightforward series of bad decisions, when in fact it often begins gradually. What starts as voluntary casual use can begin to subtly shift, slowly blurring the lines between habit and dependence. For a loved one, or perhaps a substance user yourself, coming to terms with these behavioural changes can be devastating, accepting that we’ve arrived in a space so markedly separated from our true nature.

What’s more, early warning signs are subtle, which often leads to them being overlooked until consequences escalate. Understanding the typical progression of substance dependence, the underlying factors contributing to its development, as well as the early warning signs, can be instrumental in preventing long-term harm and accessing early help.

What is substance dependence?

Substance dependence is a chronic condition characterized by a compulsive pattern of substance abuse despite negative consequences. Extending beyond experimental or casual use, dependence reflects key changes in both brain chemistry and behaviour.

Specifically, the pleasure experienced from continued dopamine overactivation gradually rewires the brain to place drug-seeking at the forefront of our internal reward system. These functional shifts not only result in a debilitating balance between craving and withdrawal, but can also cause changes within an individual’s personality and overall cognitive function. This can help illuminate how one may be aware of the associated harms and consequences of substance abuse, and yet still struggle to control the behaviour.

Understanding Addiction: The Hidden Triggers

So, how did we get here? How did casual, experimental use of substances gradually transform into dependence? Understanding the root causes of addiction, as well as risk factors that increase addiction likelihood, is critical in pinpointing both early warning signs and susceptibility.

Root causes can be conceptualized as the “why” behind addiction; those experiences or emotions that both increase vulnerability and provide the fuel for substance misuse. These factors, underpinning the development of addiction, can be biological, psychological, and social in nature, including:

  • Stress
  • Substance accessibility
  • Peer pressure
  • Genetics
  • Environment
  • Trauma

Recognizing the impacts of genetic risk, living within an environment of active substance use, and experiences of trauma can help individuals and loved ones form a compassionate understanding of their reality.

Risk factors, on the other hand, are the conditions that increase the likelihood of substance dependence forming. Though having risk factors does not guarantee dependence, identifying them can help those who have a predisposition towards developing one. Common risk factors include:

  • Gender: Men are more likely to develop substance use concerns.
  • Genetics: Having a family history of addiction.
  • Mental health concerns: These include anxiety and depression.
  • Socioeconomic challenges: For example, poverty or an unstable economic background.
  • Relationship difficulties: These can include forming and/or maintaining relationships.
  • Early exposure to substances and/or childhood trauma: Greater exposure can lead to greater risks.
  • Substance type: Fast acting and/or highly potent drugs represent a higher addiction likelihood.

It is important to note that this is not an exhaustive list. However, having an awareness of the risk factors and root causes associated with addiction can shed light on the underlying pain and unmet needs at the root of addictive tendencies.

Reading the Warning Signs of Substance Abuse

As we have observed, addiction is rarely caused by a single event or circumstance; rather, it tends to represent a combination of interacting variables. Signs of substance dependence are much the same, reflecting multifaceted disruptions across various spheres of an individual’s life.

Although there is no one “right way” to categorize warning signs, in the following, we will explore dependence in terms of common physical, behavioural, and psychological indicators.

Physical Signs of Dependence

  • Bloodshot eyes, along with dilation/constriction of pupils
  • Altered body odour and/or changes in grooming habits and personal hygiene
  • Weight fluctuations, either up or down
  • Variable sleep patterns, ranging from insomnia to oversleeping
  • Skin concerns (sores, track marks, bruises)
  • Flu-like symptoms, frequent nose bleeds, and nasal congestion
  • Impaired coordination, slurred speech, and/or frequent injuries
  • Tremors and/or shaking
  • Increased tolerance to the substance
  • Long-term effects such as heart disease and liver damage

Behavioural Signs of Dependence

  • Isolation and withdrawal from family and friends
  • Prioritization towards substance-using peers
  • Secrecy, deception, defensiveness, and/or denial around usage
  • Unreliability, such as unexplained absences and/or decline in performance at work or school
  • Mood swings, including irritability, anger, and erratic behaviour
  • Inability to control or moderate substance use
  • Craving the substance and continuation of use despite negative consequences
  • Engaging in risky behaviours
  • Requesting money from others or not repaying debts
  • Changes in routine and neglecting responsibilities

Psychological Signs of Dependence

  • Increased symptoms of anxiety or depression
  • Difficulty regulating mood
  • Loss of motivation, trouble concentrating, and memory problems
  • Feelings of guilt, shame, or hopelessness
  • Shifts in personality or feelings of detachment
  • Instances of hallucination or paranoia
  • Co-occurring mental health conditions (though this can predispose an individual, it can also be a by-product of sustained substance abuse)

Importantly, these indicators of physical, psychological, and behavioural change can differ based on the substance being used. These lists serve as a starting point for individuals to recognize signs of dependence, offering an opportunity for both early intervention and prevention.

Additional markers of substance dependence can be found by examining the consequences that many of these signs and behaviour deviations can produce. Examples include accumulated debt, job loss, legal repercussions, failure to pay rent or prioritize basic necessities, as well as ruptures within existing relationship networks.

Early detection of substance dependence can help mitigate these consequences, as well as prevent severe physical and psychological damage.

The Ripple Effect

Addiction doesn’t just affect the individual using substances; it creates a ripple effect, impacting the entire family and social network around them. This can result in breakdowns of trust, family tension, as well as denial or enabling behaviours. In fact, feelings of denial are common for both the user and their loved ones.

Receiving education around the signs and symptoms of substance abuse can help make early recognition possible, and subsequently preserve these vital relationships.

Empathy Over Judgment

As we gain awareness and understanding of the early signs of substance abuse, it’s imperative to approach these observations empathically and without judgment. By actively listening and fostering a compassionate atmosphere, loved ones are better equipped to approach conversations with honesty and resilience.

The need for patience and care is especially needed if you’ve identified that the person struggling is you. Rarely does an individual walk into a life of substance dependence willingly; rather, it is a place we may find ourselves despite our best intentions. It is not a moral failing, but a complex result of life circumstances. Reaching out for professional support can provide a path to sustained healing through compassionate, structured recovery options.

Re-Writing the Narrative: From Dependence to Recovery

At New Dawn Medical, we provide substance abuse treatment that is both personalized and compassionate. We recognize that your substance use journey is yours; it is impacted by your own needs and personal circumstances. As a result, we deliver care that extends beyond symptoms and identifies and addresses the root cause.

Our individualized, substance abuse treatment plans offer a range of medical and therapeutic services, including:

  • Initial Consultation: Ensuring a thorough evaluation of both your substance use history as well as your physical and mental health.
  • Drug Abuse Assessment and Diagnosis
  • Medication-Assisted Treatment: Allows for the management of cravings and withdrawal symptoms, contributing to greater recovery outcomes.
  • Methadone and Suboxone Treatment
  • Substance Abuse Counselling: Including individual, family, and group sessions. This also allows for exploration of co-occurring mental health concerns, identification of causal factors, and healthy coping strategies.
  • Medically Supervised Detox
  • Ongoing Support and Aftercare: Including routine follow-ups, plan modification, and relapse prevention strategies.

Most importantly, we listen, so that the confidential care you receive is judgment-free and tailored to your own unique experience.

New Dawn Medical: A Safe Place to Begin Again

With over 50 locations across Ontario, New Dawn Medical makes accessing early help convenient and stress-free. Allow yourself, or a loved one, the gift of compassionate substance abuse support.

If you’re curious about what a life in recovery might look like, consider contacting New Dawn Medical for a confidential assessment by calling 1-833-456-DAWN, emailing us at info@newdawnmed.com, or contacting us online.

New Dawn Medical

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